Amidst the urgent climate change and energy shortage concerns, this study tackles the complex challenge of achieving sustainable development goals in the face of uncertain low-carbon building transformation paths and unclear energy/carbon trading strategies. Employing a comprehensive approach, the research reviews integrated techniques for low-carbon building transition, including energy conservation, clean energy adoption, demand response, and smart EV integration. The study also examines energy/carbon flows and trading within building systems and analyzes global decarbonization roadmaps.